Bey Is for Bars
Is Beyoncé Secretly a Rapper?
a TWO-N Project by Jasmine Guy

There is no arguing that Beyoncé is a wildly accomplished singer, songwriter and performer. She's got a hoard of Grammys to prove it, and a hive-full of fans who rightfully adore her. But would you consider her a rapper? I jokingly told a friend that Beyoncé was my favorite rapper and I was met with a strong side eye. Which got me thinking: why doesn't Beyoncé get credit for rapping? As a long-time Beyoncé fan, I felt uniquely qualified to point out how she has tiptoed into the genre over the course of her career. But since we live in a society that likes evidence, I decided to formally investigate the following questions by listening to her entire body of work. You know, hard-core data science?

Questions:

Here's what I found.

Beyoncé Raps Per Album

How to read: Studio albums are plotted over time. Each ring around an album represents a track which features Beyoncé rapping. Ex. 2 Rings = 2 rap features. Music notes represent singles.

How to interact: Select a metric to compare Beyoncé albums/songs over time. Hover for additional details. Click a track or single to play a 30-second sample (courtesy of Spotify). To stop playback, click again, or use audio controls (which will scroll as you do).

Album
Track

Sources: Spotify Web API, GRAMMY.com.

Notes: The spotify popularity of a track is a value between 0 and 100, with 100 being the most popular. The popularity is calculated by algorithm and is based on the total number of plays the track has had and how recent those plays are. Album popularity is derived mathematically from track popularity. Percent Rap of the album is found by dividing the number of tracks featuring Beyoncé rapping by the total number of tracks on the album.

FACT 1
#
of rapped tracks per album has generally increased over time
FACT 2
65%
of tracks in each of her last two albums feature Beyoncé rapping
FACT 3
12
of 22 Grammy wins came from albums featuring less rap
FACT 4
6
Grammy wins - the most of any of her albums - were for I Am Sasha Fierce which features only two rap tracks
FACT 5
Jay-Z
is not pulling his weight. Everything is Love, is not very popular
Other Times Beyoncé Was Featured as a Rapper

With over 65% of the songs on her latest two albums featuring rap elements, it's hard to deny that Beyoncé has crossed over into the realm of rap. However, to leave no stone unturned, I decided to dig deeper and explore songs outside of her studio albums that showcase her rapping skills. Here's what I discovered.

Album
Track
Single

Sources: Spotify Web API, GRAMMY.com.

FACT 1
As early as
2001*
Beyonce has been able to rap
FACT 2
In the last
10Yrs
there is a clear pattern of more rap features between albums and singles
*I almost forgot about her role in MTV's Carmen: A Hip Hopera, where she held her own alongside Mos Def and Da Brat. Maybe what I experienced as a crossover, was the complete picture all along?
Song to Song Comparison

To take this investigation a step further, I wondered if there was a discrepancy in popularity between rapped and non-rapped songs in Beyoncé's discography. Do rapped songs truly dominate any period of her career? To answer this question, I utilized Spotify's speechiness* metric (indicated on the chart when speechiness is selected). By examining both metrics, we may gain a clearer understanding of which songs truly reign supreme in different parts of the Queen's career.

Not Rapped
Rapped

Source: Spotify Web API

Note: Spotify speechiness detects the presence of spoken words in a track. The more exclusively speech-like the recording (e.g. talk show, audio book, poetry), the closer to 1.0 the attribute value. Values above 0.66 describe tracks that are probably made entirely of spoken words. Values between 0.33 (Rap Threshold) and 0.66 describe tracks that may contain both music and speech, either in sections or layered, including such cases as rap music. Values below 0.33 most likely represent music and other non-speech-like tracks.

FACT 1
Over the last decade, there has been a consistent trend of more rap features in Beyoncé's music.
FACT 2
Ring the Alarm defies expectation as the most speech-heavy song in her discography,
FACT 3
Most songs fall below 0.33 - Spotify's threshold for being considered rap. Even songs like Top Off and Savage
Another Way to Determine Popularity

Spotify's popularity metric takes into account the recency of a stream, which means that more recent albums tend to be ranked higher in popularity. While this metric is useful in determining whether music stands the test of time, I wanted to explore another measure of popularity to answer my questions. To do so, I turned to Billboard Hot 100 data and posed the same questions: Is Beyoncé a rapper, and are her rap songs more or less popular? By examining this data, I hoped to gain a better understanding of how Beyoncé's rap music is perceived in the broader music landscape.

Not Rapped
Rapped

Sources: Spotify Web API, HipsterVizNinja's Billboard Hot 100 List

FACT 1
rap
features appear to be prominent on the Billboard Charts in the last 10 years as well
FACT 2
fewer
songs hold top 10 positions As more rap selections creep into the timeline
FACT 3
2003
marks the 20th anniversary of Beyoncé's first solo album. That's 20 years of chart-topping.
Beyoncé Is THE Bar

It's apparent that Beyoncé is out here rapping, a fact that has been hiding in plain sight for some time now. So, the next time someone asks you to name your favorite rapper, don't hesitate to mention Beyoncé and show the receipts.

While she's had plenty of success on the Billboard charts and at the GRAMMYs, her rap contributions seem to be slightly lesser known/popular. This may be because the composition of many of her songs still leans on her singing talent or that she released many of her rap features outside of studio albums. Regardless, Beyoncé is bound to continue to surprise us, whether she's showcasing her gorgeous singing voice or dropping sneaky bars.

As we reflect on the past 20 years of her artistry and look forward to many more, let's take a moment to appreciate what a privilege it is to be alive in a time where Beyoncé is Beyoncé-ing this hard.